Many travelers find that their cellphones, like iPhone, can't work in China while there are many Chinese use it on the street, so what's wrong? That's because their cellphones are locked to a specific carrier, like T-Mobile, AT&T, Verizon, etc. Locked to a carrier means your cellphone can only use the SIM card of your carrier. In this case, you can call your carrier and ask them to unlock your handset.
Another thing you need to notice is that your cellphone is able to connect to the local networks in China, which means your cellphone covers the frequencies provided by China telecommunication carriers. China's biggest telecommunication carriers works on two main frequencies: 900 Mhz and 1800 Mhz, so check if your cellphone satisfy this before leaving for China. You can check this information in the user guide of the phone or just go online and search for the phone specs.
If you have solved the above problem, then it's time to decide whether you want an international roaming service or purchase a local SIM card.
For reference: there are three telecommunication carriers in China: China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom, and the communication standards they use are:
China Mobile: GSM, TD-SCDMA, TD-LTE
China Unicom: GSM, WCAMA, FDD-LTE, TD-LTE
China Telecom: CDMA2000, EVDO, TD-LTE, FDD-LTE